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<Hierarchical decomposition>  <citation environment for individual CPCs>   <help & Apple Macintosh>

 

Figure: Citation relations among 653 CPC classes; USPTO data; Jaccard normalized; VOSviewer used for classification and visualization. This map can be web-started at  http://www.vosviewer.com/vosviewer.php?map=http://www.leydesdorff.net/cpc_cos/m0.txt&network=http://www.leydesdorff.net/cpc_cos/n0.txt&label_size_variation=0.4&scale=1.15&colored_lines&curved_lines&n_lines=2000

 

     

 

map

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A01B

soil working in agriculture or forestry

A01C

planting

A01D

harvesting

A01F

processing of harvested produce

A01G

horticulture

A01H

new plants or processes for obtaining them

A01J

manufacture of dairy products

A01K

animal husbandry

A01L

shoeing of animals

A01M

catching or trapping of animals

A01N

preservation of bodies of humans or animals or plants or parts thereof

A21B

bakers ovens

A21C

machines or equipment for making or processing doughs

A21D

treatment, e.g. preservation, of flour or dough, e.g. by addition of material

A22B

slaughtering

A22C

processing meat, poultry, or fish

A23B

preserving, e.g. by canning, meat, fish, eggs, fruit, vegetables, edible seed

A23C

dairy products, e.g. milk, butter, cheese

A23D

edible oils of fats, e.g. margarines, shortenings, cooking oils

A23F

coffee

A23G

cocoa

A23J

protein compositions for foodstuffs

A23K

fodder

A23L

foods, foodstuffs, or non-alcoholic beverages, not covered by subclasses a23b

A23N

machines or apparatus for treating harvested fruit, vegetables or flower bulb

A23P

shaping or working of foodstuffs, not fully covered by a single

A23V

indexing scheme relating to foods, foodstuffs or non-alcoholic beverages

A23Y

indexing scheme relating to lactic or propionic acid bacteria used in foodstu

A24B

manufacture or preparation of tobacco for smoking or chewing

A24C

machines for making cigars or cigarettes

A24D

cigars

A24F

smokers requisites

A41B

shirts

A41C

corsets; brassieres

A41D

outerwear

A41F

garment fastenings

A41G

artificial flowers

A41H

appliances or methods for making clothes, e.g. for dress-making,

A42B

hats

A42C

manufacturing or trimming hats or other head coverings

A43B

characteristic features of footwear

A43C

fastenings or attachments of footwear

A43D

machines, tools, equipment or methods for manufacturing or repairing footwear

A44B

buttons, pins, buckles, slide fasteners, or the like

A44C

jewellery

A44D

indexing scheme relating to buttons, pins, buckles or slide fasteners, and to

A45B

walking sticks

A45C

purses

A45D

hairdressing or shaving equipment

A45F

travelling or camp equipment

A46B

brushes

A46D

manufacture of brushes

A47B

tables

A47C

chairs

A47D

furniture specially adapted for children

A47F

special furniture, fittings, or accessories for shops, storehouses, bars, res

A47G

household or table equipment

A47H

furnishings for windows or doors

A47J

kitchen equipment

A47K

sanitary equipment not otherwise provided for

A47L

domestic washing or cleaning

A61B

diagnosis

A61C

dentistry

A61D

veterinary instruments, implements, tools, or methods

A61F

filters implantable into blood vessels

A61G

transport or accomodation for patients

A61H

physical therapy apparatus, e.g. devices for locating or stimulating reflex p

A61J

containers specially adapted for medical or pharmaceutical purposes

A61K

preparations for medical, dental, or toilet purposes

A61L

methods or apparatus for sterilising materials or objects in general

A61M

devices for introducing media into, or onto, the body

A61N

electrotherapy

A61Q

specific use of cosmetics or similar toilet preparations

A62B

devices, apparatus or methods for life-saving

A62C

fire-fighting

A62D

chemical means for extinguishing fires or for combating or protecting against

A63B

apparatus for physical training, gymnastics, swimming, climbing,

A63C

skates

A63D

bowling-alleys

A63F

card, board, or roulette games

A63G

merry-go-rounds

A63H

toys, e.g. tops, dolls, hoops, building blocks

A63J

devices for theatres, circuses, or the like

A63K

racing

B01B

boiling

B01D

separation

B01F

mixing, e.g. dissolving, emulsifying, dispersing

B01J

chemical or physical processes, e.g. catalysis, colloid chemistry

B01L

chemical or physical laboratory apparatus for general use

B02B

preparing grain for milling

B02C

crushing, pulverising, or disintegrating in general

B03B

separating solid materials using liquids or using pneumatic

B03C

magnetic or electrostatic separation of solid materials from solid materials

B03D

flotation

B04B

centrifuges

B04C

apparatus using free vortex flow, e.g. cyclones

B05B

spraying apparatus

B05C

apparatus for applying liquids or other fluent materials to

B05D

processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to

B06B

methods or apparatus for generating or transmitting mechanical vibrations of

B07B

seperating solids from solids by sieving, screening, or sifting or by using g

B07C

postal sorting

B08B

cleaning in general

B09B

disposal of solid waste

B09C

reclamation of contaminated soil

B21B

rolling of metal

B21C

manufacture of metal sheets, wire, rods, tubes or profiles, otherwise than by

B21D

working or processing of sheet metal or metal tubes, rods or profiles without

B21F

working or processing of metal wire

B21G

making needles, pins or nails of metal

B21H

making particular metal objects by rolling, e.g. screws, wheels,

B21J

forging

B21K

making forged or pressed metal products, e.g. horse-shoes, rivets,

B21L

making metal chains

B22C

foundry moulding

B22D

casting of metals

B22F

working metallic powder

B23B

turning

B23C

milling

B23D

planing

B23F

making gears or toothed racks

B23G

thread cutting

B23H

working of metal by the action of a high concentration of electric current on

B23K

soldering or unsoldering

B23P

other working of metal

B23Q

details, components, or accessories for machine tools, e.g.

B24B

machines, devices, or processes for grinding or polishing

B24C

abrasive or related blasting with particulate material

B24D

tools for grinding, buffing, or sharpening

B25B

tools or bench devices not otherwise provided for, for fastening, connecting,

B25C

hand-held nailing or stapling tools

B25D

percussive tools

B25F

combination or multi-purpose tools not otherwise provided for

B25G

handles for hand implements

B25H

workshop equipment, e.g. for marking-out work

B25J

manipulators

B26B

hand-held cutting tools not otherwise provided for

B26D

cutting

B26F

perforating

B27B

saws for wood or similar material

B27C

planing, drilling, milling, turning or universal machines for

B27D

working veneer or plywood

B27F

dovetailed work

B27G

accessory machines or apparatus

B27H

bending wood or similar material

B27J

mechanical working of cane, cork, or similar materials

B27K

processes, apparatus or selection of substances for impregnating, staining, d

B27L

removing bark or vestiges of branches

B27M

working of wood not provided for in subclasses b27b - b27l

B27N

manufacture by dry processes of articles, with or without organic binding age

B28B

shaping clay or other ceramic compositions, slag, or mixtures containing ceme

B28C

preparing clay

B28D

working stone or stone-like materials

B29B

preparation or pretreatment of the material to be shaped

B29C

shaping or joining of plastics

B29D

producing particular articles from plastics or from substances

B29K

indexing scheme associated with subclasses b29b, b29c or b29d, relating to mo

B29L

indexing scheme associated with subclass b29c, relating to particular article

B30B

presses in general

B31B

making boxes, cartons, envelopes or bags of paper or cardboard

B31C

making wound articles, e.g. wound tubes, of paper or cardboard

B31D

making articles of paper or cardboard not provided for in

B31F

mechanical working or deformation of paper or cardboard

B32B

layered products, i.e. products built-up of strata of flat or non- flat, e.g.

B33Y

additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3-d] objects

B41B

machines or accessories for making, setting, or distributing type

B41C

processes for the manufacture or reproduction of printing

B41D

apparatus for the mechanical reproduction of printing surfaces for stereotype

B41F

printing machines or presses

B41G

apparatus for bronze printing, line printing, or for bordering or edging shee

B41J

typewriters

B41K

stamps

B41L

apparatus or devices for manifolding, duplicating, or printing for office or

B41M

printing, duplicating, marking, or copying processes

B41N

printing plates or foils

B41P

indexing scheme relating to printing, lining machines, typewriters, and to st

B42B

permanently attaching together sheets, quires or signatures

B42C

bookbinding

B42D

books

B42F

sheets temporarily attached together

B42P

indexing scheme relating to books, filing appliances or the like

B43K

implements for writing or drawing

B43L

articles for writing or drawing upon

B43M

bureau accessories not otherwise provided for

B44B

machines, apparatus or tools for artistic work, e.g. for sculpturing, guilloc

B44C

producing decorative effects

B44D

painting or artistic drawing, not otherwise provided for

B44F

special designs or pictures

B60B

vehicle wheels

B60C

vehicle tyres

B60D

vehicle connections

B60F

vehicles for use both on rail and on road

B60G

vehicle suspension arrangements

B60H

arrangements or adaptations of heating, cooling, ventilating, or other air-tr

B60J

windows, windscreens, non-fixed roofs, doors, or similar devices for vehicles

B60K

arrangement or mounting of propulsion units or of transmissions in vehicles

B60L

electric equipment or propulsion of electrically-propelled vehicles

B60M

power supply lines, and devices along rails, for electrically-

B60N

vehicle passenger accommodation not otherwise provided for

B60P

vehicles adapted for load transportation or to transport,

B60Q

vehicle lighting or signalling

B60R

vehicles, vehicle fittings, or vehicle parts, not otherwise provided for

B60S

servicing, cleaning, repairing, supporting, lifting, or manoeuvring of vehicl

B60T

vehicle brake control systems or parts thereof

B60V

air-cushion vehicles

B60W

conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function

B60Y

indexing scheme relating to aspects cross-cutting vehicle technology

B61B

railway systems

B61C

locomotives

B61D

body details or kinds of railway vehicles

B61F

rail vehicle suspensions, e.g. underframes, bogies or arrangements of wheel a

B61G

couplings

B61H

brakes or other retarding apparatus peculiar to rail vehicles

B61J

shifting or shunting of rail vehicles

B61K

other auxiliary equipment for railways

B61L

guiding railway traffic

B62B

hand-propelled vehicles, e.g. hand carts, perambulators

B62C

vehicles drawn by animals

B62D

motor vehicles

B62H

cycle stands

B62J

cycle saddles or seats

B62K

cycles

B62L

brakes specially adapted for cycles

B62M

rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles or sledges

B63B

ships or other waterborne vessels

B63C

launching, hauling-out, or dry-docking of vessels

B63G

offensive or defensive arrangements on vessels

B63H

marine propulsion or steering

B63J

auxiliaries on vessels

B64B

lighter-than air aircraft

B64C

aeroplanes

B64D

equipment for fitting in or to aircraft

B64F

ground or aircraft-carrier-deck installations specially adapted for use in co

B64G

cosmonautics

B65B

machines, apparatus or devices for, or methods of, packaging

B65C

labelling or tagging machines, apparatus, or processes

B65D

containers for storage or transport of articles or materials,

B65F

gathering or removal of domestic or like refuse

B65G

transport or storage devices, e.g. conveyors for loading or tipping

B65H

handling thin or filamentary material, e.g. sheets, webs, cables

B66B

elevators

B66C

cranes

B66D

capstans

B66F

hoisting, lifting, hauling or pushing, not otherwise provided for,

B67B

applying closure members to bottles jars, or similar containers

B67C

cleaning, filling with liquids or semiliquids, or emptying, of bottles, jars,

B67D

dispensing, delivering or transferring liquids, not otherwise

B68B

harness

B68C

b68c

B68F

making articles from leather, canvas, or the like

B68G

methods, equipment, or machines for use in upholstering

B81B

micro-structural devices or systems, e.g. micro-mechanical

B81C

processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of

B82B

nano-structures formed by manipulation of individual atoms, molecules, or lim

B82Y

specific uses or applications of nano-structures

C01B

non-metallic elements

C01C

ammonia

C01D

compounds of alkali metals, i.e. lithium, sodium, potassium,

C01F

compounds of the metals beryllium, magnesium, aluminium, calcium, strontium,

C01G

compounds containing metals not covered

C01P

indexing scheme relating to structural and physical aspects of solid inorgani

C02F

treatment of water, waste water, sewage, or sludge

C03B

manufacture, shaping, or supplementary processes

C03C

chemical composition of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels

C04B

lime, magnesia

C05B

phosphatic fertilisers

C05C

nitrogenous fertilisers

C05D

inorganic fertilisers not covered by subclasses c05b, c05c

C05F

organic fertilisers not covered by subclasses c05b, c05c, e.g.

C05G

mixtures of fertilisers covered individually by different subclasses of class

C06B

explosives or thermic compositions

C06C

detonating or priming devices

C06D

means for generating smoke or mist

C06F

matches

C07B

general methods of organic chemistry

C07C

acyclic or carbocyclic compounds

C07D

heterocyclic compounds

C07F

acyclic, carbocyclic or heterocyclic compounds containing elements other than

C07G

compounds of unknown constitution

C07H

sugars

C07J

steroids

C07K

peptides

C08B

polysaccharides; derivatives thereof

C08C

treatment or chemical modification of rubbers

C08F

macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbo

C08G

macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving

C08H

derivatives of natural macromolecular compounds

C08J

working-up

C08K

use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as

C08L

compositions of macromolecular compounds

C09B

organic dyes or closely-related compounds for producing dyes

C09C

treatment of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers,

C09D

coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers

C09F

natural resins

C09G

polishing compositions other than french polish

C09H

preparation of glue or gelatine

C09J

adhesives

C09K

materials for miscellaneous applications, not provided for elsewhere

C10B

destructive distillation of carbonageous materials for production of gas, cok

C10C

working-up pitch, asphalt, bitumen, tar

C10F

drying or working-up of peat

C10G

cracking hydrocarbon oils

C10H

production of acetylene by wet methods

C10J

production of producer gas, water-gas, synthesis gas from solid carbonaceous

C10K

purifying or modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containi

C10L

fuels not otherwise provided for

C10M

lubricating compositions

C10N

indexing scheme associated with subclass c10m relating to lubricating composi

C11B

producing (pressing, extraction), refining and preserving fats, fatty substan

C11C

fatty acids from fats, oils or waxes

C11D

detergent compositions

C12C

brewing of beer

C12F

distillation or rectification of fermented solutions

C12G

wine

C12H

pasteurisation

C12J

vinegar

C12L

pitching or depitching machines

C12M

apparatus for enzymology or microbiology

C12N

micro-organisms or enzymes; compositions thereof

C12P

fermentation or enzyme-using processes to synthesise a desired chemical compo

C12Q

measuring or testing processes involving enzymes or micro- organisms

C12R

processes using micro-organisms

C12Y

enzymes

C13B

production of sucrose

C13K

saccharides, other than sucrose, obtained from natural sources or by hydrolys

C14B

mechanical treatment or processing of skins, hides or leather in general

C14C

chemical treatment of hides, skins or leather, e.g. tanning, impregnating, fi

C21B

manufacture of iron or steel

C21C

processing of pig-iron, e.g. refining, manufacture of wrought- iron or steel

C21D

modifying the physical structure of ferrous metals

C22B

production and refining of metals

C22C

alloys

C22F

changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals and non-

C23C

coating metallic material

C23D

enamelling of, or applying a vitreous layer to, metals

C23F

non-mechanical removal of metallic material from surface

C23G

cleaning or degreasing of metallic material by chemical

C25B

electrolytic or electrophoretic processes for the production of compounds or

C25C

processes for the electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals

C25D

processes for the electrolytic or electrophoretic production

C25F

processes for the electrolytic removal of materials from objects

C30B

single-crystal-growth

C40B

combinatorial chemistry

D01B

mechanical treatment of natural fibrous or filamentary material to obtain fib

D01C

chemical treatment of natural filamentary or fibrous material to obtain filam

D01D

mechanical methods or apparatus in the manufacture of artificial filaments, t

D01F

chemical features in the manufacture of artificial filaments, threads, fibres

D01G

preliminary treatment of fibres, e.g. for spinning

D01H

spinning or twisting

D02G

crimping or curling fibres, filaments, threads, or yarns

D02H

warping, beaming or leasing

D02J

finishing or dressing of filaments, yarns, threads, cords, ropes

D03C

shedding mechanisms

D03D

woven fabrics

D03J

auxiliary weaving apparatus

D04B

knitting

D04C

braiding or manufacture of lace, including bobbin-net or carbonised lace

D04D

trimmings

D04G

making nets by knotting of filamentary material

D04H

making textile fabrics, e.g. from fibres or filamentary material

D05B

sewing

D05C

embroidering

D05D

indexing scheme associated with subclasses d05b and d05c, relating to sewing,

D06B

treating textile materials by liquids, gases or vapours

D06C

finishing, dressing, tentering or stretching textile fabrics

D06F

laundering, drying, ironing, pressing or folding textile articles

D06G

mechanical or pressure cleaning of carpets, rugs, sacks, hides or other skin

D06H

marking, inspecting, seaming or severing textile materials

D06J

pleating, kilting, or goffering textile fabrics or wearing

D06L

bleaching, e.g. optical bleaching, dry-cleaning or washing fibres, threads, y

D06M

treatment, not provided for elsewhere in class d06, of fibres, threads, yarns

D06N

wall, floor or like covering materials, e.g. linoleum, oilcloth, artificial l

D06P

dyeing or printing textiles

D06Q

decorating textiles

D07B

ropes or cables in general

D10B

indexing scheme associated with sublasses of section d, relating to textiles

D21B

fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment

D21C

production of cellulose by removing non-cellulose substances from cellulose-c

D21D

treatment of the materials before passing to the paper-making machine

D21F

paper-making machines

D21G

calenders; accessories for paper-making machines

D21H

pulp compositions

D21J

fibreboard

E01B

permanent way

E01C

construction of, or surfaces for, roads, sports grounds, or the like

E01D

construction of bridges,

E01F

additional work, such as equipping roads or the construction of platforms, he

E01H

street cleaning

E02B

hydraulic engineering

E02C

ship-lifting devices or mechanisms

E02D

foundations

E02F

dredging

E03B

installations or methods for obtaining, collecting, or

E03C

domestic plumbing installations for fresh water or waste

E03D

water-closets or urinals with flushing devices

E03F

sewers

E04B

general building constructions

E04C

structural elements

E04D

roof coverings

E04F

finishing work on buildings, e.g. stairs, floors

E04G

scaffolding

E04H

buildings or like structures for particular purposes

E05B

locks

E05C

bolts or fastening devices for wings, specially for doors

E05D

hinges or other suspension devices for doors, windows or wings

E05F

devices for moving wings into open or closed position

E05G

safes or strong-rooms for valuables

E05Y

indexing scheme relating to hinges or other suspension devices for doors, win

E06B

fixed or movable closures for openings in buildings, vehicles, fences or like

E06C

ladders

E21B

earth drilling, e.g. deep drilling

E21C

mining or quarrying

E21D

shafts

E21F

safety devices, transport, filling-up, rescue, ventilation, or draining in or

F01B

machines or engines, in general or of positive-displacement

F01C

rotary-piston or oscillating-piston machines or engines

F01D

non-positive displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam

F01K

steam engine plants

F01L

cyclically operating valves for machines or engines

F01M

lubricating of machines or engines in general

F01N

gas-flow silencers or exhaust apparatus for machines or engines in general

F01P

cooling of machines or engines in general

F02B

internal-combustion piston engines

F02C

gas-turbine plants

F02D

controlling combustion engines

F02F

cylinders, pistons or casings, for combustion engines

F02G

hot gas or combustion-product positive-displacement engine

F02K

jet-propulsion plants

F02M

supplying combustion engines in general, with combustible

F02N

starting of combustion engines

F02P

ignition, other than compression ignition, for internal- combustion engines

F03B

machines or engines for liquids

F03C

positive-displacement engines driven by liquids

F03D

wind motors

F03G

spring, weight, inertia or like motors

F03H

producing a reactive propulsive thrust, not otherwise provided

F04B

positive displacement machines for liquids

F04C

rotary-piston, or oscillating-piston, positive-displacement machines for liqu

F04D

non-positive displacement pumps

F04F

pumping of fluid by direct contact of another fluid or by using

F05B

indexing scheme relating to machines or engines other than non-positive-displ

F05C

indexing scheme relating to materials, material properties or material charac

F05D

indexing scheme for aspects relating to non-positive- displacement machines o

F15B

systems acting by means of fluids in general

F15C

fluid-circuit elements predominantly used for computing or

F15D

fluid dynamics, i.e. methods or means for influencing the flow of

F16B

devices for fastening or securing constructional elements or machine parts to

F16C

shafts

F16D

couplings for transmitting rotation

F16F

springs

F16G

belts, cables, or ropes, predominantly used for driving purposes

F16H

gearing

F16J

pistons

F16K

valves

F16L

pipes

F16M

frames, casings, or beds of engines or other machines or apparatus not specif

F16N

lubricating

F16P

safety devices in general

F16S

constructional elements in general

F16T

steam traps or like apparatus for draining-off liquids from enclosures predom

F17B

gas-holders of variable capacity

F17C

vessels for containing or storing compressed, liquefied or solidified gases

F17D

pipe-line systems

F21H

mantles

F21K

light sources not otherwise provided for

F21L

lighting devices or systems thereof, being portable or specially adapted for

F21S

non-portable lighting devices or systems thereof

F21V

details of lighting devices, of general application

F21W

indexing scheme associated with subclasses f21k, f21l, f21s and f21v, relatin

F21Y

indexing scheme associated with subclasses f21k, f21l, f21s and f21v, relatin

F22B

methods of steam generation

F22D

preheating, or accumulating preheated, feed-water

F22G

superheating of steam

F23B

methods or apparatus for combustion using only solid fuel

F23C

combustion apparatus using fluent fuel

F23D

burners

F23G

cremation furnaces

F23H

grates

F23J

removal or treatment of combustion products or combustion

F23K

feeding fuel to combustion apparatus

F23L

air supply

F23M

casings, linings, walls or doors specially adapted for combustion chambers, e

F23N

regulating or controlling combustion

F23Q

ignition

F23R

generating combustion products of high pressure or high

F24B

domestic stoves or ranges for solid fuels

F24C

other domestic stoves or ranges

F24D

domestic- or space-heating systems, e.g. central heating systems

F24F

air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation, use of air

F24H

fluid heaters, e.g. water or air heaters, having heat generating

F24J

producing or use of heat not otherwise provided for

F25B

refrigeration machines, plants or systems

F25C

production, working, storing or distribution of ice

F25D

refrigerators

F25J

liquefaction, solidification or separation of gases or gaseous

F26B

drying solid materials or objects by removing liquid therefrom

F27B

furnaces, kilns, ovens, or retorts in general

F27D

details or accessories of furnaces, kilns, ovens, or retorts, in so far as th

F27M

indexing scheme relating to aspects of the charges or furnaces, kilns, ovens

F28B

steam or vapour condensers

F28C

heat-exchange apparatus, not provided for in another subclass, in which the h

F28D

heat-exchange apparatus, not provided for in another subclass, in which the h

F28F

details of heat-exchange and heat-transfer apparatus, of

F28G

cleaning of internal or external surfaces of heat-exchange or heat-transfer c

F41A

functional features or details common to both smallarms and ordnance, e.g. ca

F41B

weapons for projecting missiles without use of explosive or combustible prope

F41C

smallarms, e.g. pistols, rifles

F41F

apparatus for launching projectiles or missiles from barrels,

F41G

weapon sights

F41H

armour

F41J

targets

F42B

explosive charges, e.g. for blasting, fireworks, ammunition

F42C

ammunition fuzes

F42D

blasting

G01B

measuring length, thickness or similar linear dimensions

G01C

measuring distances, levels or bearings

G01D

measuring not specially adapted for a specific variable

G01F

measuring volume, volume flow, mass flow or liquid level

G01G

weighing

G01H

measurement of mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic

G01J

measurement of intensity, velocity, spectral content, polarisation, phase or

G01K

measuring temperature

G01L

measuring force, stress, torque, work, mechanical power,

G01M

testing static or dynamic balance of machines or structures

G01N

investigating or analysing materials by determining their

G01P

measuring linear or angular speed, acceleration, deceleration, or shock

G01Q

scanning-probe techniques or apparatus

G01R

measuring electric variables

G01S

radio direction-finding

G01T

measurement of nuclear or x-radiation

G01V

geophysics

G01W

meteorology

G02B

optical elements, systems, or apparatus

G02C

spectacles

G02F

devices or arrangements, the optical operation of which is modified by changi

G03B

apparatus or arrangements for taking photographs or for projecting or viewing

G03C

photosensitive materials for photographic purposes

G03D

apparatus for processing exposed photographic materials

G03F

photomechanical production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. for printi

G03G

electrography; electrophotography; magnetography

G03H

holographic processes or apparatus

G04B

mechanically-driven clocks or watches

G04C

electromechanical clocks or watches

G04D

apparatus or tools specially designed for making or maintaining clocks or wat

G04F

time-interval measuring

G04G

electronic time-pieces

G04R

radio-controlled time-pieces

G05B

control or regulating systems in general

G05D

systems for controlling or regulating non-electric variables

G05F

systems for regulating electric or magnetic variables

G05G

control devices or systems insofar as characterised by

G06C

digital computers in which all the computation is effected

G06D

digital fluid-pressure computing devices

G06E

optical computing devices

G06F

electrical digital data processing

G06G

analogue computers

G06J

hybrid computing arrangements

G06K

recognition of data

G06M

counting mechanisms

G06N

computer systems based on specific computational models

G06Q

data processing systems or methods, specially adapted for administrative, com

G06T

image data processing or generation, in general

G07B

ticket-issuing apparatus

G07C

time or attendance registers

G07D

handling of coins or of paper currency or similar valuable papers, e.g. testi

G07F

coin-freed or like apparatus

G07G

registering the receipt of cash, valuables, or tokens

G08B

signalling or calling systems

G08C

transmission systems for measured values, control or similar

G08G

traffic control systems

G09B

educational or demonstration appliances

G09C

coding or ciphering apparatus for cryptographic or other

G09D

railway or like time or fare tables

G09F

displaying

G09G

arrangements or circuits for control of indicating devices using static means

G10B

organs

G10C

pianos, harpsichords, spinets or similar stringed musical

G10D

stringed musical instruments; wind musical instruments; accordions or ...

G10F

automatic musical instruments

G10G

aids for music

G10H

electrophonic musical instruments

G10K

sound-producing devices

G10L

speech analysis or synthesis

G11B

information storage based on relative movement between

G11C

static stores

G12B

constructional details of instruments, or comparable details of other apparat

G21B

fusion reactors

G21C

nuclear reactors

G21D

nuclear power plant

G21F

protection against x-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation or par

G21G

conversion of chemical elements

G21H

obtaining energy from radioactive sources

G21J

nuclear explosives

G21K

techniques for handling particles or ionising radiation not otherwise provide

G21Y

indexing scheme relating to nuclear reactors, power plants and explosives, to

H01B

cables

H01C

resistors

H01F

magnets

H01G

capacitors; capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices or ...

H01H

electric switches

H01J

electric discharge tubes or discharge lamps

H01K

electric incandescent lamps

H01L

semiconductor devices

H01M

processes or means, e.g. batteries, for the direct conversion of

H01P

waveguides

H01Q

aerials

H01R

line connectors

H01S

devices using stimulated emission

H01T

spark gaps

H02B

boards, substations, or switching arrangements for the supply

H02G

installation of electric cables or lines, or of combined optical

H02H

emergency protective circuit arrangements

H02J

circuit arrangements or systems for supplying or distributing electric power

H02K

dynamo-electric machines

H02M

apparatus for conversion between ac and ac, between ac and dc, or between dc

H02N

electric machines not otherwise provided for

H02P

control or regulation of electric motors, electric generators or dynamo-elect

H02S

generation of electric power by conversion of infra-red radiation, visible li

H03B

generation of oscillations, directly or by frequency-changing, by circuits em

H03C

modulation

H03D

demodulation or transference of modulation from one carrier

H03F

amplifiers

H03G

control of amplification

H03H

impedance networks, e.g. resonant circuits

H03J

tuning resonant circuits

H03K

pulse technique

H03L

automatic control, starting, synchronisation, or stabilisation of generators

H03M

coding

H04B

transmission

H04H

broadcast communication

H04J

multiplex communication

H04K

secret communication

H04L

transmission of digital information, e.g. telegraphic

H04M

telephonic communication

H04N

pictorial communication, e.g. television

H04Q

selecting

H04R

loudspeakers, microphones, gramophone pick-ups or like acoustic electromechan

H04S

stereophonic systems

H04W

wireless communications networks

H05B

electric heating

H05C

electric circuits or apparatus specially designed for use in equipment for ki

H05F

static electricity

H05G

x-ray technique

H05H

plasma technique

H05K

printed circuits

Y02B

indexing scheme relating to climate change mitigation technologies related to

Y02C

capture, storage, sequestration or disposal of greenhouse gases [ghg]

Y02E

reduction of greenhouse gases [ghg] emission, related to energy generation, t

Y02P

climate change mitigation technologies in the production or processing of goo

Y02T

climate change mitigation technologies related to transportation

Y02W

climate change mitigation technologies related to wastewater treatment or was

Y04S

systems integrating technologies related to power network operation, communic

Y10S

technical subjects covered by former uspc cross-reference art collections [xr

Y10T

technical subjects covered by former us classification